Out of the seven others who hid with her, her father, Otto Frank, was the only one who survived the Holocaust. Contact us at letters time. History museums Who Betrayed Anne Frank?
Anne Frank. Bildarchiv Ullstein Bild — Getty Images. By Madeline Farber. For decades, historians have debated who betrayed Anne Frank and her family. The officers locked them in a large room with the arrested helpers. Then they were taken in for interrogation. The officers tried to find out if the helpers or people from the Secret Annex knew of other hiding addresses. Johannes Kleiman and Victor Kugler kept silent. Otto Frank said that after 25 months in the Secret Annex, they had lost all contact with friends and acquaintances and therefore knew nothing.
Then the people from the Secret Annex and the helpers were separated. Johannes Kleiman and Victor Kugler were taken to the detention centre at the Amstelveenseweg, the eight people from the Secret Annex to the detention centre at the Weteringschans. Anne's diary papers were still scattered on the floor.
There, Miep kept the papers in a drawer. Of the eight people in hiding, Otto was the only one to survive the war. When he returned to Amsterdam after the liberation, Miep gave him the papers. Go in-depth On 4 August , Anne Frank and the other people in hiding were discovered and arrested. Karl Silberbauer is in charge Friday, 4 August was a warm and sunny day in Amsterdam.
Anne's diary papers fall to the ground The people in hiding were completely taken by surprise. Police officers take the helpers and the people from the Secret Annex away Helpers Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman were arrested together with the eight people from the Secret Annex.
Interrogation The group of eight was taken to the SD building on the Euterpestraat. For a long time, betrayal was considered to be the reason for the arrest of the people in hiding, but the focus is shifting, as there are several other options.
The subject is still being researched. For instance, the Anne Frank House recently reinvestigated the raid , and in a former FBI officer announced that he would be looking for the possible traitor of the people in hiding with the help of an international cold case team and new technology.
This theory continues on an assumption that in itself is insufficiently proven, that is that betrayal by telephone led to the raid. They asked SD chief Willy Lages whether it was common for his former service to jump to action upon receiving a telephone tip-off about people in hiding. Lages answered that the credibility of the tip-off would have been checked first, unless it came from an informant who had proved to be reliable before. In other words: If a call was actually made that morning, and the response was immediate, then one may conclude that the informant was known and reliable, according to Lages.
He only stuck to the logic of assumptions of which he did not know the validity, nor did he need to know the validity in order to give a reasoned answer. In the end, the list of people who were accused of being involved in the case is too long to include in its entirety. All the more so because betrayal was never established beyond a doubt. More recent research by the Anne Frank House highlights and substantiates the possibility that the reasons for the raid may have been completely different.
For example, it is certain that two representatives from whom the helpers bought illegal coupons were arrested for black marketeering. Warehouse worker Lammert Hartog did undeclared work, and director Victor Kugler kept part of the company income out of the books.
There was more going on in that building than just the hiding of Jews. Go in-depth How were the people in hiding discovered? Research over the years Explanations for the discovery are mainly based on testimonies, because no documents about the raid on the Secret Annex have been preserved. These are the facts about the discovery On 4 August , police officers discovered the eight people in hiding.
They were arrested along with two of the helpers. Both five helpers and Otto Frank, the only survivor, were consistent about the date of the arrest. An official document about the arrest does not exist. There were at least three police officers involved in the raid and arrest: the Austrian Karl Silberbauer, and Dutch officers Gezinus Gringhuis and Willem Grootendorst.
In late , Otto Frank and his helpers identified two Dutch police officers from photographs: Gezinus Gringhuis and Willem Grootendorst. At that time, both were held in the detention centre on the Havenstraat and, according to helper Johannes Kleiman, remembered the case when asked about it. In a letter to the political police from , Kleiman mentioned Karl Silberbauer, Gringhuis, and Grootendorst by name. These claims have not been sufficiently substantiated The people in hiding were betrayed.
In the autumn of , Otto Frank wrote to family members that he and his helpers were trying to find out who had betrayed them. They were convinced that they had been betrayed.
It is understandable; many people fell into German hands during the occupation and this was often because they had been betrayed. However, there is no concrete evidence that this was the case here.
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